高温条件下复合抗应激剂对肉鸡的影响

本文研究了高温条件下复合抗应激剂对肉鸡的影响。结果表明：经历３２ ℃一周的５ ～８ 周龄肉鸡采食量、增重、饲料转化率均显著下降（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ，饮服复合抗应激剂显著改善增重和饲料转化率（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ， 采食量未见明显改变，饲料转化率达到常温水平。３２ ℃１６ 小时血浆皮质酮、Ｔ３ 显著下降（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 、Ｔ４ 显著升高（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ；３２ ℃１２０ 小时血浆皮质酮、Ｔ３ 升高并超出常温组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 、Ｔ４ 较１６ 小时下降但仍高出常温组（Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。饮服复合抗应激剂时血浆皮质酮、Ｔ３ 、Ｔ４ 显现相同变化规律，但这种变化得到显著缓解     

冷等离子体种子处理对铜胁迫下小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

为了评价冷等离子体种子处理对小麦种子萌发和生长抗重金属胁迫能力的影响,以4种不同功率的冷等离子体处理的3种小麦种子为研究对象,在3个不同浓度的硫酸铜胁迫下进行萌发成苗试验。通过测定种子的发芽率、根长、苗长以及根、苗中的Cu含量,计算发芽指数、种子活力指数,研究了冷等离子体种子处理对铜胁迫作用下小麦种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:冷等离子体种子处理对小麦在铜胁迫下的发芽率、发芽指数影响不显著,但提高了种子的萌发活力,根长和苗长最多分别提高了46.2%和145.4%,活力指数最多提高了82.1%。在低浓度Cu胁迫时,冷等离子体处理能够促进根、苗对Cu的吸收;而高浓度Cu胁迫时,冷等离子体在一定程度上能够提高Cu的转运能力,缓解了Cu对种子萌发活力、苗长和根长的抑制作用与毒害作用。研究表明,适宜功率的冷等离子体种子处理能够增强种子萌发和幼苗生长对重金属胁迫的抗性。     

Dietary nucleotide mixture effects on reproductive and performance,ovary fatty acid profile and biochemical parameters of female Pacific shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

The effects of different dietary nucleotide mixture (NT) levels (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) were investigated on the reproductive performance, fatty acid profile and biochemical parameters in Litopenaeus vannamei female that were co‐fed with fresh food (two times daily) and experimental diets (two times daily) for 30 days. Sampling was carried out at the first day of the trial, before eyestalk ablation (ESA) (day 21) and after ESA (day 30). Reproductive performance parameters including the hepatopancreatic index, absolute fecundity, egg diameter and latency period were higher in the NT‐supplemented groups than the control group (p < .05). Total n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the ovaries, especially eicosapentaenoic acid, were higher in the NT‐supplemented groups than in the control (222.6 ± 7.3 versus 204.7 ± 3.0 mg/g extracted lipid) (p < .05). Total hemocyte count, granular cells, plasma glucose (Glu), total protein (TP), calcium (Ca²⁺), total cholesterol (Chol), triglyceride (Tg) and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were significantly increased in the NT‐supplemented groups in comparison with the control group (p < .05). After ESA, the concentration of plasma Glu, TP, Chol and Tg significantly decreased, but HDL levels increased in all groups (p < .05). These results suggested that the application of dietary NT may present a novel strategy for increasing reproductive performance and health status in L. vannamei.     

Swim bladder mycosis in pretty tetra (Hemigrammus pulcher) caused by Exophiala pisciphila and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola,and experimental verification of pathogenicity

Spontaneous invasive and chronic disseminated mycosis affected Hemigrammus pulcher kept in a public aquarium, and infection was manifested by inappetence, exophthalmia, erratic swimming, eroded scales, anaemia of the gills and abdominal distension. Internally, there was a grossly swollen swim bladder with a thickened wall filled with a dark mass. The body cavities contained a clear, light amber fluid and a swollen intestine which was full of a watery fluid containing small gas bubbles. Histopathology revealed a granulomatous inflammatory response with fungal hyphae in the lumen and wall of the swim bladder, hepatopancreas, spleen and kidneys with signs of nephrohydrosis. Exophiala pisciphila and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola were isolated from the swim bladder, abdominal cavity and gastrointestinal tract. The exogenous source of infection was probably the ample wooden decoration and plants inside the aquarium. Koch's postulates were fulfilled by re‐isolation of both fungal species from fish artificially infected under laboratory conditions. As P. hymenocallidicola is less capable of defence against phagocytosis, E. pisciphila probably played a major role. Severe clinical manifestations with 100% mortality developed in two fish species infected by E. pisciphila. A significant increase in the plasma levels of amino acids was observed as a result of the activation of proteolysis.     

常温大气压等离子体对番茄种带细菌的灭菌效果

为了明确常温大气压等离子体(atmospheric pressure room-temperature plasma,APRTP)在番茄种子消毒中的应用效果,以‘中杂302’种子为材料,采用平板培养计数和16S rRNA拷贝数分析法,测定了APRTP处理对种子表面和内部细菌的灭菌效果。结果表明,APRTP处理对种带细菌的灭菌效果显著,在5～30 min处理时间内,灭菌率随处理时间延长逐渐升高,处理25 min对种子表面和内部细菌的灭菌率达99%以上;番茄种子接种细菌性溃疡病致病菌—密执安棒杆菌密执安亚种(Cmm)后,采用APRTP处理25 min可有效杀灭99.84%的种带Cmm菌;种子活力检测表明,APRTP处理可提高番茄种子活力,加快种子萌发速率,APRTP处理过的种子播种后,对幼苗早期生长不会造成伤害。综上,APRTP处理可显著杀灭番茄种带细菌,提高种子活力、促进种子萌发,是一种安全、高效的番茄种子处理方法。     

植物-植食性昆虫互作关系中早期信号事件研究进展

诱导防御反应的产生取决于植物对植食性昆虫相关信号迅速和准确地识别。在植物与植食性昆虫互作过程中,早期信号事件是负责植物识别和触发下游信号转导途径的最早反应,它们发生在植物防御相关基因表达和防御相关代谢物产生之前,对植物的防御过程至关重要。本文将植物与植食性昆虫互作的早期事件,包括植物对植食性昆虫的感知、电信号和Ca~(2+)信号的产生和转导,活性氧的迸发以及促细胞分裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号级联途径等研究进展进行了综述,并提出今后的研究重点与方向,促进对植物诱导防御反应调控网络的研究,以期为改进农业害虫的治理提供重要的理论和技术支撑。     

土地利用环境功能与区域经济增长的耦合协调发展研究——以张家口市为例

为研究土地利用环境功能与区域经济之间的协调发展关系,以河北省张家口市为例,建立土地利用环境功能评价指标体系,利用综合指数法,分析张家口市土地利用环境功能演变特征;运用耦合协调度模型,探究张家口市土地利用环境功能与经济发展的耦合协调关系。结果表明,2000—2013年张家口市土地利用环境功能呈波动增长的趋势,其与经济发展的耦合关系经历了轻度失调到良好协调的上升过程。并据此,针对张家口市土地利用环境功能与社会经济之间的协调发展关系提出相关建议。     

Effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio and wildrye length on nutrient intake,digestibility, plasma metabolites,ruminal fermentation and fecal microflora of male Chinese Holstein calves

Twenty-eight male, weaned Chinese Holstein calves((156.8±33.4) kg) were used to investigate the effects of dietary forage to concentrate ratio(F:C) and forage length on nutrient digestibility, plasma metabolites, ruminal fermentation, and fecal microflora. Animals were randomly allocated to four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement: whole-length forage(WL) with low F:C(50:50); WL with high F:C(65:35); short-length forage(SL) with high F:C(65:35); and SL with low F:C(50:50). Chinese wildrye was used as the only forage source in this trial. The grass in the SL treatments was chopped using a chaff cutter to achieve small particle size(~50% particles 19 mm). Dry matter intake(DMI) and organic matter(OM) intake was increased by increasing both F:C(P0.01) and forage length(FL)(P0.05), while acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) intakes were only increased by increasing the F:C(P0.01). The digestibility of NDF was increased as the FL increased(P0.01), and it was also affected by interaction between F:C and FL(P0.05). Cholesterol(CHO)(P0.01), leptin(LP)(P0.05), and growth hormone(GH)(P0.01) concentrations in plasma were increased as dietary F:C increased. A significant increase in plasma triglyceride(TG)(P0.01), insulin(INS)(P0.05), and GH(P0.01) levels was observed with decreasing dietary FL. Ruminal p H values of calves fed with low F:C diets were significantly lower than those in high F:C treatment(P0.05). Increasing the F:C enhanced ruminal acetic acid(P0.05) and acetic acid/propionic acid(P0.01). Fecal Lactobacillus content was significantly higher, while Escherichia coli and Salmonella contents were significantly lower in WL and high F:C groups(P0.05). Lower fecal scores(higher diarrhea rate) were observed in calves fed with SL hay compared to WL hay(P0.05). Denatured gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) bands and richness index(S) were significantly affected by the interaction between F:C and FL(P0.05), under high F:C, band numbers and richness index from WL group were higher than that from SL group(P0.05), whereas there were no differences between WL andSL groups under low F:C(P0.05). Microflora similarity was 50–73% among the different treatments. It is concluded that the WL with high F:C(65:35) diet is suitable for weaned calves.     

超高效液相色谱-串联四级杆质谱联用法测定甘蔗中噻虫胺 的残留

本研究建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）法检测甘蔗中噻虫胺残留量的方法。甘蔗植株、茎 秆及嫩稍样品经乙腈-水（V∶V=2∶1）提取,Envi-Carb 复合 PSA 固相萃取小柱净化,ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 色谱 柱分离,电喷雾正离子源（ESI+ ）多反应监测（MRM）模式检测,外标法定量。结果表明：采用 Envi-Carb 固相萃取 小柱,以乙腈为淋洗液,在小柱中添加 PSA 净化效果最好。在甘蔗植株、茎秆及嫩稍中分别添加 0.04、0.4、1 mg/kg 噻虫胺,平均回收率为 81.4%~109.1%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为 0.9%~10.9%。该方法的最小检出量为 0.4 ng,在甘蔗 中的最低检出浓度（LOD）为 0.04 mg/kg,能满足农药残留检测的要求。     

低温胁迫对钝顶螺旋藻细胞过氧化和质膜透性的影响

低温胁迫下,测定了2个不同生境的钝顶螺旋藻(Spirulina platensis)细胞丙二醛含量和电解质外渗量,对钝顶螺旋藻细胞过氧化和质膜透性进行了研究。结果发现,在相同条件下,MDA含量和质膜伤害程度均为S2>S1,S1质膜过氧化程度小于S2,,抗寒性强于S2;随着低胁迫的增强,2个样品的MDA含量均呈升高趋势,细胞电解质外渗增加,细胞过氧化程度加大,质膜透性增强;经低温锻炼后2个样品的MDA量均比直接低温处理的低,质膜的伤害程度也小,说明低温锻炼能增强钝顶螺旋藻对低温逆境的适应性。